方向盘左功能键向下按一下，下翻到Settings， 按下往右，下翻到Display， 按下往右Language， 按下往右，下翻到中文按OK就可以！
13款蒙迪欧仪表盘怎么从英文调回中文啊？在线等
13蒙迪欧行车电脑中文怎么调 设置中文的步骤介绍
1、使用信息显示控制”按钮组“向下方向键把选择光标移到”设置“项;
2、按右方向键进入”设置“的下一级子菜单;
3、按向下方向键把选择光标移到”显示“项;
4、按右方向键进入”显示“的下一级子菜单;此时第一项的就是”语言“设置项并选中;
5、按向右方向键进入”语言“的下一级子菜单;此时显示默认的是”English(US)“选项;
6、按向下方向键把选择光标移到”中文“选项;
7、按”OK“键，确认”语言“项的设置是”中文“。
8、长按左方向键返回设置主界面，结束设置。
设置 matplotlib 正确显示中文的四种方式 看这一篇就够啦！
啪地一下点进来，很快呀~~
matplotlib是 Python 优秀的数据可视化第三方库，matplotlib是基于 numpy 的一套 Python 工具包。这个包提供了丰富的数据绘图工具，主要用于绘制一些统计图形。
Matplotlib库由各种可视化类构成，内部结构复杂，受 Matlab 启发 matplotlib.pyplot 是绘制各类可视化图形的命令子库，相当于快捷方式。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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可 matplotlib 并不支持中文显示。有中文显示会出现如下问题：
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Author ：叶庭云
@公众号 ：修炼Python
@CSDN ：叶庭云 成为自己的光_叶庭云_CSDN博客-Python数据可视化进阶,Python爬虫学习笔记,技术杂谈+领域博主
三折线 黑白灰风格 标签label 标记点形状
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 生成x轴数据 列表推导式
x_data = [i for i in range(0, 55, 5)]
# 构造y轴数据
y_data1 = [0.5, 0.62, 0.72, 0.78, 0.85, 0.7, 0.64, 0.44, 0.29, 0.15, 0.09]
y_data2 = [0.5, 0.67, 0.71, 0.76, 0.79, 0.66, 0.58, 0.44, 0.38, 0.26, 0.18]
y_data3 = [0.5, 0.59, 0.72, 0.74, 0.76, 0.68, 0.58, 0.48, 0.4, 0.36, 0.3]
# 设置图形显示风格
plt.style.use('ggplot')
# 设置figure大小 像素
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5), dpi=100)
# 绘制三条折线 点的形状 颜色 标签：用于图例显示
plt.plot(x_data, y_data1, marker='^', color="k", label="设备1")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data2, marker="o", color="k", label="设备2")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data3, marker="s", color="k", label="设备3")
# x y 轴标签 字体大小
plt.xlabel("时间周期/min", fontsize=13)
plt.ylabel("直接信任度值", fontsize=13)
# 显示图例
plt.legend()
# 保存图片 展示show
plt.savefig("折线图01.png", dpi=200)
plt.show()
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需要我们手动一下下设置~~，才能解决中文显示的问题。
二、解决方法
1. 方式一
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties # 导入FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname="SimHei.ttf", size=14) # 设置字体
# 哪里需要显示中文就在哪里设置
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# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Author ：叶庭云
@公众号 ：修炼Python
@CSDN ：叶庭云 成为自己的光_叶庭云_CSDN博客-Python数据可视化进阶,Python爬虫学习笔记,技术杂谈+领域博主
三折线 黑白灰风格 标签label 标记点形状
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties # 步骤一
# 生成x轴数据 列表推导式
x_data = [i for i in range(0, 55, 5)]
# 构造y轴数据
y_data1 = [0.5, 0.62, 0.72, 0.78, 0.85, 0.7, 0.64, 0.44, 0.29, 0.15, 0.09]
y_data2 = [0.5, 0.67, 0.71, 0.76, 0.79, 0.66, 0.58, 0.44, 0.38, 0.26, 0.18]
y_data3 = [0.5, 0.59, 0.72, 0.74, 0.76, 0.68, 0.58, 0.48, 0.4, 0.36, 0.3]
# 设置图形显示风格
plt.style.use('ggplot')
font = FontProperties(fname="SimHei.ttf", size=14) # 步骤二
# 设置figure大小 像素
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5), dpi=100)
# 绘制三条折线 点的形状 颜色 标签：用于图例显示
plt.plot(x_data, y_data1, marker='^', color="k", label="设备1")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data2, marker="o", color="k", label="设备2")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data3, marker="s", color="k", label="设备3")
# x y 轴标签 字体大小
plt.xlabel("时间周期/min", fontsize=13, fontproperties=font)
plt.ylabel("直接信任度值", fontsize=13, fontproperties=font)
# 显示图例
plt.legend(prop=font)
# 保存图片 展示show
plt.savefig("折线图01.png", dpi=200)
plt.show()
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结果如下：
2. 方式二
通过 fontdict 字典参数来设置
fontdict={"family": "KaiTi", "size": 15, "color": "r"}
1
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Author ：叶庭云
@公众号 ：修炼Python
@CSDN ：叶庭云 成为自己的光_叶庭云_CSDN博客-Python数据可视化进阶,Python爬虫学习笔记,技术杂谈+领域博主
三折线 黑白灰风格 标签label 标记点形状
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 生成x轴数据 列表推导式
x_data = [i for i in range(0, 55, 5)]
# 构造y轴数据
y_data1 = [0.5, 0.62, 0.72, 0.78, 0.85, 0.7, 0.64, 0.44, 0.29, 0.15, 0.09]
y_data2 = [0.5, 0.67, 0.71, 0.76, 0.79, 0.66, 0.58, 0.44, 0.38, 0.26, 0.18]
y_data3 = [0.5, 0.59, 0.72, 0.74, 0.76, 0.68, 0.58, 0.48, 0.4, 0.36, 0.3]
# 设置图形显示风格
plt.style.use('ggplot')
# 设置figure大小 像素
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5), dpi=100)
# 绘制三条折线 点的形状 颜色 标签：用于图例显示
plt.plot(x_data, y_data1, marker='^', color="k", label="设备1")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data2, marker="o", color="k", label="设备2")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data3, marker="s", color="k", label="设备3")
# x y 轴标签 字体大小
plt.xlabel("时间周期/min", fontsize=13, fontdict={"family": "KaiTi", "size": 15, "color": "r"})
plt.ylabel("直接信任度值", fontsize=13, fontdict={"family": "KaiTi", "size": 15, "color": "k"})
# 显示图例
plt.legend(prop={'family': 'SimHei', 'size': 16})
# 保存图片 展示show
plt.savefig("折线图01.png", dpi=200)
plt.show()
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结果如下：
3. 方式三
改变全局的字体
# matplotlib其实是不支持显示中文的 显示中文需要一行代码设置字体
mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 步骤二（解决坐标轴负数的负号显示问题）
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# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Author ：叶庭云
@公众号 ：修炼Python
@CSDN ：叶庭云 成为自己的光_叶庭云_CSDN博客-Python数据可视化进阶,Python爬虫学习笔记,技术杂谈+领域博主
三折线 黑白灰风格 标签label 标记点形状
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
# 生成x轴数据 列表推导式
x_data = [i for i in range(0, 55, 5)]
# 构造y轴数据
y_data1 = [0.5, 0.62, 0.72, 0.78, 0.85, 0.7, 0.64, 0.44, 0.29, 0.15, 0.09]
y_data2 = [0.5, 0.67, 0.71, 0.76, 0.79, 0.66, 0.58, 0.44, 0.38, 0.26, 0.18]
y_data3 = [0.5, 0.59, 0.72, 0.74, 0.76, 0.68, 0.58, 0.48, 0.4, 0.36, 0.3]
# matplotlib其实是不支持显示中文的 显示中文需要一行代码设置字体
mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 步骤二（解决坐标轴负数的负号显示问题）
# 设置图形显示风格
plt.style.use('ggplot')
# 设置figure大小 像素
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5), dpi=100)
# 绘制三条折线 点的形状 颜色 标签：用于图例显示
plt.plot(x_data, y_data1, marker='^', color="k", label="设备1")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data2, marker="o", color="k", label="设备2")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data3, marker="s", color="k", label="设备3")
# x y 轴标签 字体大小
plt.xlabel("时间周期/min", fontsize=13)
plt.ylabel("直接信任度值", fontsize=13)
# 显示图例
plt.legend()
# 保存图片 展示show
plt.savefig("折线图01.png", dpi=200)
plt.show()
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结果如下：
4. 方式四
同样也是全局改变字体的方法
font = {'family' : 'SimHei',
'weight' : 'bold',
'size' : '16'}
plt.rc('font', **font) # 步骤一（设置字体的更多属性）
plt.rc('axes', unicode_minus=False) # 步骤二（解决坐标轴负数的负号显示问题）
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# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@Author ：叶庭云
@公众号 ：修炼Python
@CSDN ：叶庭云 成为自己的光_叶庭云_CSDN博客-Python数据可视化进阶,Python爬虫学习笔记,技术杂谈+领域博主
三折线 黑白灰风格 标签label 标记点形状
"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 生成x轴数据 列表推导式
x_data = [i for i in range(0, 55, 5)]
# 构造y轴数据
y_data1 = [0.5, 0.62, 0.72, 0.78, 0.85, 0.7, 0.64, 0.44, 0.29, 0.15, 0.09]
y_data2 = [0.5, 0.67, 0.71, 0.76, 0.79, 0.66, 0.58, 0.44, 0.38, 0.26, 0.18]
y_data3 = [0.5, 0.59, 0.72, 0.74, 0.76, 0.68, 0.58, 0.48, 0.4, 0.36, 0.3]
font = {'family' : 'SimHei',
'weight' : 'bold',
'size' : '16'}
plt.rc('font', **font) # 步骤一（设置字体的更多属性）
plt.rc('axes', unicode_minus=False) # 步骤二（解决坐标轴负数的负号显示问题）
# 设置图形显示风格
plt.style.use('ggplot')
# 设置figure大小 像素
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5), dpi=100)
# 绘制三条折线 点的形状 颜色 标签：用于图例显示
plt.plot(x_data, y_data1, marker='^', color="k", label="设备1")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data2, marker="o", color="k", label="设备2")
plt.plot(x_data, y_data3, marker="s", color="k", label="设备3")
# x y 轴标签 字体大小
plt.xlabel("时间周期/min", fontsize=13)
plt.ylabel("直接信任度值", fontsize=13)
# 显示图例
plt.legend()
# 保存图片 展示show
plt.savefig("折线图01.png", dpi=200)
plt.show()
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结果如下：
三、总结
方式一、方式二是哪里需要中文显示才设置，且不会污染全局字体设置，更灵活。
方式三、方式四不改变全局的字体设置，一次设置，多次使用，更方便。
附常用字体如下：
宋体：SimSun
黑体：SimHei
微软雅黑：Microsoft YaHei
微软正黑体：Microsoft JhengHei
新宋体：NSimSun
新细明体：PMingLiU
细明体：MingLiU
标楷体：DFKai-SB
仿宋：FangSong
楷体：KaiTi
隶书：LiSu
幼圆：YouYuan
华文细黑：STXihei
华文楷体：STKaiti
华文宋体：STSong
华文中宋：STZhongsong
华文仿宋：STFangsong
方正舒体：FZShuTi
方正姚体：FZYaoti
华文彩云：STCaiyun
华文琥珀：STHupo
华文隶书：STLiti
华文行楷：STXingkai
华文新魏：STXinwei
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「叶庭云」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：设置 matplotlib 正确显示中文的四种方式 看这一篇就够啦！
verbal advantage 中文版 中英文对照 level 2 word 11-20
verbal advantage 中文版由灰灰的灰灰读译
目前翻译速度为每周一个单元。
后面随着难度增加或篇幅变长，速度可能会变慢。
工作之余仓促读译，非专业人士，欢迎留言斧正
Let's move on now and learn the next ten keywords in Level 2. Here they are:
现在我们继续学习第二级接下来的十个单词。
Word 11: gullible [ˈɡʌləbl]
Easily deceived, fooled, or cheated.
易被蒙蔽、愚弄、欺骗的。
A more difficult synonym of gullible is credulous [ˈkredjələs]. Credulous comes from the Latin credere, to believe, and means inclined to believe, willing to accept something as true without questioning.
Gullible一个更有难度的同义词是credulous。其来自拉丁语credere（相信），倾向于相信别人的，愿毫不怀疑地接受某事为真的。
To gull is to take advantage of someone who is foolish, unwary, or inexperienced. The gullible person is easily gulled, fooled, cheated. To dupe and to gull both mean to take advantage of. Dupe suggests unwariness on the part of the victim; gull suggests a willingness or readiness to be deceived.
动词gull利用他人的愚蠢、粗心大意或没经验而占便宜。容易上当的人容易受骗，被愚弄，被欺骗。Dupe和gull都是利用、占人便宜的意思。Dupe就受害人而言暗指其不小心；gull则暗指愿意被欺骗或准备被欺骗。
Word 12: benign [bɪˈnaɪn], rhymes with resign
Kindly, good-natured, gracious, mild, having or showing a gentle disposition, as a benign old man, a benign smile, a benign intention, a benign government.
和善的，脾气好的，雅致谦和的，温和的，有或表现出温和性情的。如一个和蔼的老人，一个温和的笑容，一个善良的意图，一个温和的政府。
That is the first meaning of benign listed in dictionaries, and probably the most common. The word is also used in several other ways. It may mean favorable, positive, propitious: a benign omen; a benign view. It may be used of the weather or climate to mean healthful, wholesome, salubrious. And in medicine benign means mild, not deadly or severe, as a benign tumor or disease.
以上是benign在字典中列出的第一种含义，也可能是最常用的。Benign还有其他几个用法。可以表示有力的，积极的，吉利的，如吉祥的征兆，积极的看法。也可以用来指天气或气候有益健康的，舒适宜人的。在医学上，benign意思是温和的，不致命的，不严重的，例如良性的肿瘤或疾病。
Word 13: peripheral [pəˈrɪfərəl]
External, outer, lying at or forming the outside or boundary of something; hence, not essential, irrelevant.
外面的，外部的，位于或形成某物的外部或边界，因此是非必要的，无关紧要的。
The noun periphery means the boundary, the external surface or area. It may be used literally, as in “exploring the periphery of the polar icecap,” “situated on the periphery of the combat zone”; or it may be used figuratively, as in “the periphery of consciousness,” “the periphery of one's sphere of influence.”
名词periphery意思是边界，外部表面或区域。它可以按字面意思使用，如探索极地冰盖边缘；位于战区外围；它还可以按比喻用法使用，如意识的边缘，某人影响力范围的边缘。
Peripheral may mean external in the literal sense of lying at the edge or on the boundary, or external in the figurative sense of irrelevant, nonessential, as peripheral issues, a peripheral point, or peripheral considerations.
Peripheral可以指字面意思上的外部，位于边缘或边界上；或指比喻意义上的外部，不相关的，不重要的，如边缘问题，次要点，无关紧要的考量。
Word 14: rebuff [rɪˈbʌf]
To refuse bluntly, reject sharply, turn down abruptly, snub, spurn.
断然拒绝，坚决反对，突然拒绝，冷落，摈弃拒绝。
In colloquial terms—that is, in informal, conversational language—rebuff means to give the cold shoulder to, slam the door on, nix. A rebuff is an abrupt refusal or rejection, especially of a request, an offer to help, or a person making advances. To rebuff means to refuse or reject bluntly.
在口语术语中，也就是非正式的，会话语言中，rebuff意思是是，冷落，摔门（拒之门外，吃闭门羹），拒绝。名词rebuff是突然的拒绝与反对，尤其是对要求，主动帮忙的建议或先行垫付的人。动词rebuff意指突然拒绝或反对。
Word 15: animosity [ˌænɪˈmɒsəti]
Ill will, hostility, antagonism, strong dislike or hatred: “There was long-standing animosity between the two families.” “After her coworker apologized for his rude remarks, she resolved not to harbor any animosity toward him.”
恶意，敌意，敌对，强烈的厌恶或仇恨。两个家庭间敌意已久；在她的同事为其粗鲁言论道歉之后，她决心不再对他怀有任何敌意。
More difficult synonyms of animosity include malice [ˈmælɪs], aversion [əˈvɜːʃn], malevolence [mə'levələns], antipathy [ænˈtɪpəθi], rancor [ˈraŋkə], and enmity [ˈenməti].
Animosity更难的同义词包括malice，恶意、怨恨；aversion，厌恶、憎恶；malevolence，恶意、恶毒、敌意；antipathy，厌恶、反感；rancor，怨恨、敌意、仇视；enmity敌意、敌对、仇恨。
Word 16: tenuous [ˈtenjuəs]
Thin, slender, slight, flimsy, weak, not dense or substantial, lacking a strong basis.
瘦的，纤细的，瘦小的，纤弱的，虚弱的，不致密或不结实的，缺乏坚实基础的。
At high altitudes, air is tenuous, thin. In chemistry, certain fluids or compounds are said to be tenuous, not dense. In general, nonscientific usage, tenuous refers to something weak or flimsy, that has little substance or strength: a tenuous grip, a tenuous proposal, a tenuous argument, or tenuous construction.
在高海拔地区，空气稀薄。在化学中，某些液体或化合物是稀薄的，不致密的。一般来说，tenuous的非科学上的用法指某物是虚弱或纤弱的，几乎没有实质或强度，如虚弱的一握，无力的建议，脆弱的论点，脆弱的建筑。
Word 17: complacent [kəmˈpleɪsnt]
Self-satisfied, smug, overly pleased with oneself.
自满的，自鸣得意的，对自己过度满意的。
Complacent suggests being so satisfied with one's abilities, advantages, or circumstances that one lacks proper concern for the condition of others and is unaware of the situation around one. A complacent smile is a smug, self-satisfied smile. Complacent behavior is self-centered and disregards others’ concerns. A complacently ignorant person is completely satisfied with his ignorance; he does not know he lacks knowledge and would not care if he did.
Complacent意指对自己的能力、优势和环境非常满意，以至于对他人状况缺乏适当的关注，也不注意自己所处环境。得意的笑是自鸣得意的，自满的笑容，自满的行为以自我为中心，并不顾他人的关切。一个自满无知的人完全满足于自己的无知，他不知道自己缺乏知识且即使知道他也不在意。
Complacent and complaisant [kəmˈpleɪzənt] should be distinguished in spelling, pronunciation, and meaning. Complaisant, with a z sound for the s in the final syllable, means inclined to please, gracious, obliging, courteous, affable [ˈæfəbl], urbane [ɜːˈbeɪn]. It has a positive connotation. Complacent, with an s sound for the c in the final syllable, has a negative connotation. Complacent means self-satisfied, smug, overly pleased with oneself.
Complacent和complaisant应在拼写，发音和含义上加以区分。Complaisant，最后一个音节的s发z音，意思是倾向于取悦的（殷勤的），亲切的，乐于助人的，有礼貌的，和蔼的，文雅的。有积极的含义。Complacent，最后一个音节c发s音，有消极的含义。意思是自满的，自鸣得意的，对自己过度满意的。
Word 18: acme [ˈækmi]
The peak, highest point, summit, zenith, especially the point of culmination, the highest possible point in the development or progress of something.
顶点，最高点，顶峰，极点，特别指高潮的顶点，事物发展或进步中可能达到的最高点。
Here's a funny story about vocabulary development.
关于这个字的发展还有一个有趣的故事。
I learned the word acme as a young boy watching the “Roadrunner” cartoons on television, in which Wile E. Coyote uses various products made by the “ACME” company in his obsessive quest to capture the Roadrunner. Of course the coyote's plans always backfire, and he usually winds up flying headlong over some precipitous cliff. Through the power of association I have since connected the height of those cliffs with the word acme, the peak, highest point.
当我还是个小男孩，在电视上看走鹃的卡通节目时，我学会了acme一词，片中大笨狼怀尔﹒凯奥特用ACME公司生产的各种产品痴迷地追踪走鹃。当然，怀尔狼的计划总是适得其反，他总以一头跌落险峻的悬崖而结束。通过联想的力量，我将那些悬崖的高度与acme这个词联系起来，高峰，最高点。
You see, even watching television can help you build your vocabulary. However, reading Verbal Advantage along with a regular diet of general reading is a far more effective method.
你看，即使是看电视也能帮你积累词汇。然而，阅读言语优势，并定时广泛阅读时一种更有效的方法。
Acme comes directly from a Greek word meaning the highest point, extremity. The word is often used figuratively to mean the highest point in the development or progress of something, as in “the acme of his career,” “a company at the acme of the industry.” The corresponding adjective is acmatic [ækˈmætɪk]: “Albert Einstein's theory of relativity was an acmatic scientific breakthrough.” The antonym of the acme is the nadir [ˈneɪdɪə(r)], the lowest point.
Acme直接来自于一个希腊词汇，意思是最高点，末端极限。其也常用来比喻事物发展或进步的最高点，比如：他职业生涯的巅峰，一家处于行业巅峰的公司。其相应的形容词是acmatic，爱因斯坦的相对论是一项巅峰性的科学突破。Acme的反义词是nadir意思是最低点（糟糕时刻）。
Word 19: defunct [dɪˈfʌŋkt]
Dead, extinct, obsolete; no longer in existence, effect, operation, or use.
已死的，灭绝的，过时的，不再存在、不再有效、不再运转、不再使用的。
Defunct comes from the Latin defunctus, dead, departed, finished. A defunct law is no longer in existence or effect; a defunct organization is no longer functioning or doing business; a defunct factory is no longer in operation; a defunct procedure is no longer in use; a defunct species is extinct; a defunct expression is no longer in use; a defunct idea is no longer useful or popular; and a defunct person is dead.
Defunct来自拉丁语defunctus，死亡的，离开的，结束的。已失效的法律不存在或不生效；已解散的组织不在运作或经营；已停办的工厂不再运作；已失效的程序不再使用；已灭绝的物种不在存在；不使用的表达不再使用；一个过时的想法不再有用或流行；一个不在的人已死亡。
Word 20: abet [əˈbet]
To encourage, support, help, aid, promote, assist in achieving a purpose.
鼓励，支持，帮助，协助，促进，协助以实现目标
Some dictionaries note that abet means especially to encourage or assist in wrongdoing, as in the legal cliché “to aid and abet,” meaning to assist a criminal in the commission of a crime. That sense is perhaps more common, but abet may also be used favorably, as “to abet the cause of justice,” “to abet the committee's efforts to get the plan approved.”
一些字典指出，abet特指鼓励和协助不法行为，如常见的法律术语帮助和教唆，意思是协助犯罪分子犯罪。这种含义可能更常见，但是abet也可以正面地使用，如协力正义事业，协助委员会使计划得到批准。
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Let's review the ten words you've just learned. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Answers appear on page**.
让我们复习一下刚刚学到的十个单词。判断下列句子是对还是错。答案见**页。
1. A gullible person is hard to fool.
2. A benign expression is a gentle, good-natured expression.
3. If something's peripheral, it's essential.
4. To rebuff a request or proposal is to reconsider it.
5. A benign person is full of animosity.
6. A tenuous grasp of the facts is weak or insubstantial.
7. Complacent people are thoughtful and considerate of others.
8. The peak of a person's career is the acme.
9. A defunct corporation is likely to grow and turn a profit.
10.You can abet a criminal or abet a worthy cause.
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Let's take a moment to debunk a widely held superstition about good usage. (By the way, debunk, pronounced [ˌdiːˈbʌŋk], means to expose as false, deceitful, or exaggerated, to prove that something is bunkum [ˈbʌŋkəm], foolish and insincere.)
让我们花点时间来揭露广为流传的对恰当惯用法的迷信观念。（顺便说下，debunk发音为[ˌdiːˈbʌŋk]，意思是揭露虚假，欺骗或夸大，证明某事是瞎话，是愚蠢的和不真诚的。）
Do you remember the old rule, “Don't end a sentence with a preposition”? Well, it's too bad it was ever taught, for it is wrong, wrong, wrong. If you think I'm cracked, that I don't know what I'm talking about, then I dare you to say, “You don't know about what you're talking.”
你还记得不要在句子结尾用介词的老规矩吗？它曾经被教过，太糟糕了，因为它大错特错。如果你认为我疯了，不知道自己在说什么，那我问你敢对我说：“You don't know about what you're talking”吗？（正确的说法应该是You don't know what you're talking about）
Some time ago, while visiting relatives, I met a woman who was studying to be a teacher. She had just received a misguided lecture on the evils of ending a sentence with a preposition. “How long are you staying for?” she asked me. Then, embarrassed, she changed that perfectly natural sentence to “For how long are you staying?”—which made her sound like Eliza Doolittle practicing for her next pinky-in-the-air tea party.
前段时间，当拜访亲戚时，我碰到了一个正在学习准备做老师的女士。她刚刚听了一个关于句子结尾用介词害处的误导性讲座。她问我：How long are you staying for，然后觉得不好意思，她把刚才非常自然的句子改成了For how long are you staying。这使得她看起来像伊莉莎·杜利特尔（窈窕淑女主角）为其下一场做作的贵族茶会练习谈吐一样。
“For years Miss Thistlebottom has been teaching her bright-eyed brats that no writer would end a sentence with a preposition,” says Theodore M. Bernstein in The Careful Writer (1965), a book that anyone who puts words on paper should keep close at hand. “The truth,” Bernstein asserts, “is that no good writer would follow Miss Thistlebottom's rule, although he might occasionally examine it to see if there was any merit in it.”
西奥多﹒梅林﹒伯恩斯坦在细心的作者（1965）一书中写道：多年来Thistlebottom一直教导她眼睛明亮的顽童们说没有作家会把介词放在句尾，这是一本任何把文字写在纸上的人都会将其放在眼前的书。伯恩斯坦坚称，“事实上，没有一个优秀作家会遵循Thistlebottom的规则，尽管他可能会偶尔再考察下这些规则是不是还有点价值。”
Bernstein was assistant managing editor of The New York Times, an associate professor in Columbia University's School of Journalism, and a respected arbiter on English usage. Bernstein maintains that sentences that end with prepositions are “idiomatic and have been constructed that way from Shakespeare's ‘We are such stuff as dreams are made on’ to today's ‘Music to read by.’ They are a natural manner of expression. Examine a handful: ‘It's nothing to sneeze at’; ‘Something to guard against’; ‘You don't know what I've been through’; ‘He is a man who can be counted on’; ‘I'm not sure what the cake was made of.’ Surely there is nothing amiss with these idiomatic constructions. Woe to Miss Thistlebottom if she tries to ‘correct’ them. She won't have a leg on which to stand.”
伯恩斯坦曾经是纽约时报的助理执行主编，哥伦比亚大学新闻学院的副教授，也是受人尊敬的英语用法的权威人士。伯恩斯坦坚持认为，以介词结尾的句子是一种惯用法， 并从莎士比亚的“我们亦梦幻如梦”到今天的“阅读时听的音乐”，就是这样构造的。它们是一种自然的表达方式。考察下几个句子：没有什么可轻视的；需要防范的事；你不知道我经历了什么；他是一个值得信赖的人；我不确定蛋糕是什么做的。这些惯用的构造当然没有什么问题。如果Thistlebottom想修正这些，那她就到倒霉了，她没有证据支持其观点。
Back in 1926, the legendary English grammarian H. W. Fowler, in his classic guide Modern English Usage, called the rule about prepositions “a cherished superstition.” According to Fowler, “Those who lay down the universal principle that final prepositions are ‘inelegant’ are unconsciously trying to deprive the English language of a valuable idiomatic resource, which has been used freely by all our greatest writers except those whose instinct for English idiom has been overpowered by notions of correctness derived from Latin standards.
早在1926年，传奇英语语法专家富勒在其经典指南现代英语语法中称介词规则是一种怀旧的迷信。根据富勒的说法，那些提出末尾介词规则是不雅的这一普遍规则的人，实在无意识地剥夺英语语言珍贵的惯用语资源，所有伟大的作家都自由地运用这些资源，除了那些其对英语习语的直觉被来自拉丁语准则的正确观念压制的作家。
“The legitimacy of the prepositional ending in literary English must be uncompromisingly maintained,” says Fowler. “In respect of elegance or inelegance, every example must be judged not by any arbitrary rule, but on its own merits, according to the impression it makes on the feeling of educated English readers.”
富勒说：文学英语中介词结尾规则的合法性必须毫不妥协第坚持，至于是否优雅，每个范例都不能以无端的规则来判断，而根据其自身价值，按照其给受过英语教育的读者留下的印象来判断。
Hundreds of great writers from Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Milton to Herman Melville, Mark Twain, Ernest Hemingway, and Toni Morrison all have written intelligible, graceful, idiomatic sentences that ended with a preposition. To say those writers were wrong is like saying everyone in baseball's Hall of Fame didn't know a thing about how to play the game. The best contemporary writers also do not hesitate to let a preposition end a sentence when it pleases the ear, and they avoid doing so when it does not.
从乔叟，莎士比亚，弥尔顿到赫尔曼﹒梅尔维尔，马克﹒吐温，海明威，莫里森，数百名伟大的作家都写出了以介词结尾的，通俗易懂的，优美的，惯用法句子。如果说这些做家事错的，就像在棒球名人堂说每棒球名将对怎么打球一无所知一样。当代最优秀的作家也会毫不犹豫地以介词结尾，只要句子听起来自然悦耳，如果不自然不准确，那它们页不会这样用。
So the next time some nitpicking Miss Thistlebottom says you mustn't end a sentence with a preposition, try this retort: “You, dear sir or madam, may twist your syntax into knots if you like, but please refrain from telling the rest of us what to end our sentences with.”
所以下一次如果有某个吹毛求疵的Thistlebottom说你不能用介词结束一个句子的时候，试试这样反驳：亲爱的先生或女士，如果你愿意，你可以把你的语法打结，但你不要告诉其我们用什么来结束我们的句子。（本句亦以介词结尾）
And that, as the saying goes, is what it all boils down to.
那样，就如一句俗语所说，这就是问题症结所在。
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